Thanks for the suggestion, I'll check as soon as I have time for it. I'm still uncertain if we're talking about the same thing, though. In my video config panel (NVidia GeForce 8600 series) I can change the global and application-specific settings like you said. However I'm positive that application-specific settings are not the same as full screen text mode settings, and application-specific settings (to my knowledge) only apply to windowed mode. Font settings similarly apply to windowed mode; in full screen text mode there is no such thing as font.
One more thing; when booting my pc, the startup screen (text mode) has standard VGA text mode colors and no anti-aliasing. So I'm sure that the display mode I'm looking for is supported by the video card. It's just that when I open a console in Windows, and switch to full screen, colors are adjusted and display is anti-aliased. I'd be very suprised if this isn't caused by some config option in the display driver running under Windows. I'll try booting to prompt, and check if the display mode is the same as during startup.